Group 15 Ionization Energy Anomaly
Which periodic trend has a notable exception for Group 15 elements relative to Group 16 elements, and which quantum mechanical principle explains this deviation?
A
Atomic radius; quantum tunneling effects lead to larger-than-expected atomic radii for Group 15 elements relative to Group 16.
B
First ionization energy; Hund’s rule favors half-filled p-orbitals in Group 15, making electron removal more difficult than expected.
C
Electron affinity; Pauli exclusion principle causes Group 15 elements to have unexpectedly high electron affinities compared to Group 16.
D
Electronegativity; spin-orbit coupling in Group 15 elements results in anomalously low electronegativity values compared to Group 16.
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