APFIVE For an electrolytic cell to operate, the applied voltage must have a magnitude greater than that of the standard cell potential. Which of the following statements best accounts for this requirement?
Since the cell reaction is non-spontaneous under standard conditions, the applied voltage must be greater than the standard cell potential to drive the reaction.
The required applied voltage can be lower than the standard cell potential because temperature variations compensate for the deficit.
The applied voltage is irrelevant to the operation of an electrolytic cell since the cell potential remains unchanged regardless of external input.
An electrolytic cell operates spontaneously, so the external voltage only needs to approximate the standard cell potential.
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