Develop code to represent iterative processes using while loops and determine the result of these processes.

Consider the following code segment:

int result = 1;
int base = 2;
int exponent = 5;
while (exponent > 0) {
    if (exponent % 2 == 1) {
        result *= base;
    }
    base *= base;
    exponent /= 2;
}
System.out.println(result);

This code implements an algorithm to calculate powers efficiently. What is printed as a result of executing this code segment?