APFIVE Cultural Reference in Pliny's Letters
Describe references and allusions to influential people, literary works, and historical events in Latin texts.
The Elder Pliny’s quoted words ‘Fortes fortuna iuvat’ represent which type of cultural reference?
‘Fortes’ inquit ‘fortuna iuvat: Pomponianum pete.’
A
An adaptation of a Greek philosophical maxim about fate and virtue
B
A traditional Roman proverb expressing courage in the face of danger
C
A direct quotation from Vergil’s Aeneid about Aeneas’s bravery
D
A reference to a specific military motto used by Roman naval commanders
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