The near absence of advertising or other non-price competition strategies means that consumers have excessive choices that lead to confusion and inefficiencies in resource allocation.

Firms set prices above marginal cost due to product differentiation and downward-sloping demand curves.

The existence of extensive product homogeneity and a perfectly elastic demand curve forces firms to produce at minimum average cost, which ironically leads to a misallocation of resources through overproduction in the market.

Strict government regulation ensures that all firms operate at peak capacity, which paradoxically results in an outcome where the equilibrium is neither allocatively nor productively efficient.