APFIVE Voltage Measurement in a Non-Ideal Circuit
A student constructs a circuit with two resistors (R₁ = 20Ω and R₂ = 30Ω) in series with a 12V battery. When measuring the potential difference across R₁ with a voltmeter, the reading is 4.0V instead of the expected 4.8V. What is the most likely explanation?
A
The voltmeter has significant internal resistance
B
The ammeter was connected in parallel instead of series
C
The battery has significant internal resistance
D
The resistors are actually in parallel, not series
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