Confounding Variables in Experimental Design
A researcher studied recovery from stroke-induced language deficits in 60 patients with damage to Broca’s area. An experimental group received speech therapy combined with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), while a control group received only speech therapy. After six months, the experimental group showed greater improvement. Which of the following is a potential confounding variable that could have influenced the results?
A
The study duration was too short
B
TMS is not an appropriate treatment method
C
The sample size was too small
D
The severity of initial brain damage was not controlled for between groups
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