APFIVE Correlation and Causation in Developmental Research
A longitudinal study followed 300 children from age 3 to 12, documenting the toys provided by parents, the children’s media exposure, and their play preferences. A strong correlation was found between the toys parents provided and the children’s later preferences. Which methodological limitation most significantly weakens the conclusion that parental toy choices directly cause gender-typical play preferences?
A
The sample size of 300 children is too small to draw meaningful conclusions
B
The age range studied was too narrow to capture full developmental effects
C
The lack of a control group of children who received no toys
D
The inability to control for other socialization influences like peers and media exposure
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