APFIVE Confounding Variables in Cross-Cultural Research
Dr. Petrov studied attachment patterns in 120 toddlers from different cultural backgrounds. Half were from individualistic cultures and half from collectivistic cultures. She observed their reactions when reunited with caregivers after brief separations. The data showed that secure attachment was more common in individualistic cultures, while anxious attachment was more prevalent in collectivistic cultures. What methodological flaw threatens the validity of Dr. Petrov’s conclusions?
A
Not including a control group in the study design
B
Relying solely on observational data without interviews
C
Using too small of a sample size for cross-cultural comparison
D
Failure to control for confounding variables like parenting styles and socioeconomic status
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