Confounding Variables in Cross-Cultural Research
In a cross-cultural study, Dr. Petrov observed the reunion behaviors of 120 toddlers—half from individualistic cultures and half from collectivistic cultures—with their caregivers after a brief separation. Her findings indicated a higher prevalence of secure attachment in individualistic cultures and anxious attachment in collectivistic cultures. Which methodological flaw most significantly threatens the validity of this conclusion?
A
Failure to control for confounding variables like parenting styles and socioeconomic status
B
Relying solely on observational data without interviews
C
Not including a control group in the study design
D
Using too small of a sample size for cross-cultural comparison
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