Researchers conducted a longitudinal study following 300 children from ages 3-12, examining their play preferences and toy choices. The researchers documented the types of toys parents provided, the media content children were exposed to, and the children’s eventual toy preferences. They found a strong correlation between parental toy provision patterns and children’s later play preferences. Which methodological limitation most significantly affects the researchers’ ability to conclude that parental toy choices directly cause gender-typical play preferences?
The inability to control for other socialization influences like peers and media exposure
The sample size of 300 children is too small to draw meaningful conclusions
The lack of a control group of children who received no toys
The age range studied was too narrow to capture full developmental effects
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