Simply aggregating conclusions from various studies into one document without critically assessing their relevance or coherence together.

Deconstructing prevailing theories and methodologies to expose assumptions that may have limited in-depth exploration of complex issues.

Describing well-established theories at length without articulating how they fail to address specific aspects of a phenomenon under study.

Deferring entirely to expert opinions found in prominent journals rather than analyzing their arguments’ applicability to identified knowledge gaps.