APFIVE The formula for the sample correlation coefficient, r, is given by:
$$r = \frac{1}{n-1}\sum \frac{(x-\bar{x})(y-\bar{y})}{s_x * s_y}$$
For a dataset with a sample size of n = 10, a researcher incorrectly calculates r by dividing the summation by 10 instead of by n - 1 = 9. Which statement best describes this error?
Dividing by 10 instead of 9 has no significant impact on the correlation coefficient for small samples.
The researcher misinterpreted the correlation coefficient as the coefficient of determination by failing to square r.
They should have squared the denominator after summation to correct for sample size.
They omitted the use of Bessel’s correction; sample standard deviations (and related formulas) require division by n-1, not n, leading to a slight bias.
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