Confounding Variable in an Observational Study
A study found that countries with higher per capita chocolate consumption tend to have more Nobel laureates. Which statement best explains the primary flaw in concluding that increased chocolate consumption causes a country to have more Nobel laureates?
A
Sample size of countries is too small for valid inference
B
The correlation is likely spurious but not confounded
C
Wealth of the country is likely confounded with both variables
D
The direction of causality is reversed but not confounded
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