APFIVE In an experiment to test the quality of lightbulbs, a student uses a binomial model to compute the probability that exactly three out of eight bulbs are defective. However, the student mistakenly overcounts the number of arrangements by treating the outcomes as ordered events. What was the student’s experimental mistake?
Table 5: Lightbulb Defect Data
| Number of Bulbs | Defect Probability | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 4 | (0.1)^4 | All defective |
| 3 (exactly 2 defective) | 3 * (0.1^2)*(0.9) | Combination factor applied |
(Note: The table summarizes key probabilities for different numbers of defective lightbulbs.)
Assuming that defective probabilities are additive rather than multiplicative.
Incorrectly using permutations instead of combinations, thereby overcounting the number of defective arrangements.
Using the wrong exponent on the defective probability when applying the binomial formula.
Confusing the binomial distribution with the Poisson distribution and applying the wrong formula.
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