APFIVE Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test Conclusion
A biologist studying butterfly species in a forest conducted a chi-square goodness of fit test comparing observed frequencies to expected frequencies based on historical data. The test yielded χ² = 16.2 with 4 degrees of freedom and p-value = 0.003. Which statement represents the most valid statistical reasoning about the research question?
A
The p-value shows the observed differences are due to random chance.
B
The degrees of freedom suggest the test lacks sufficient power.
C
The current butterfly species distribution differs significantly from historical patterns.
D
The chi-square value indicates the sample was too small to draw conclusions.
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