Jacksonian Democracy and the Spoils System
“Jacksonian Democracy redefined American politics through its embrace of the common man and its repudiation of entrenched elites. One of its most controversial legacies was the spoils system, which radically altered the composition of government by rewarding political supporters with public offices. This praxis decimated the traditional civil service and reoriented the purpose of government employment. Notably, it challenged existing norms of merit and expertise in favor of loyalty and populism. The policy exemplified the tumultuous nature of this era, where political power was both celebrated and critiqued. Nonetheless, the spoils system laid the groundwork for modern debates over reform and efficiency in public administration.”
—Arthur Schlesinger Jr., ‘The Age of Jackson’, 2005
Based on the excerpt, the spoils system had which of the following impacts on American governance?
It diminished presidential authority by transferring appointment powers to Congress.
It minimized the influence of politics in public administration by strictly adhering to nonpartisan principles.
It subverted traditional merit-based appointments by rewarding loyalty, leading to significant shifts in the federal bureaucracy.
It reformed government hiring practices by prioritizing professional competencies over political affiliations.
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